Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer, and can spread to other parts of the body. To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see What Is Cancer? Chronic myeloid leukemia CML is also known as chronic myelogenous leukemia. It's a type of cancer that starts in certain blood-forming cells of the bone marrow. In CML, a genetic change takes place in an early immature version of myeloid cells -- the cells that make red blood cells, platelets, and most types of white blood cells except lymphocytes.
The leukemia cells grow and divide, building up in the bone marrow and spilling over into the blood. In time, the cells can also settle in other parts of the body, including the spleen. CML is a fairly slow growing leukemia, but it can change into a fast-growing acute leukemia that's hard to treat. CML occurs mostly in adults, but very rarely it occurs in children, too.
In general, their treatment is the same as for adults. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow. When one of these cells changes and becomes a leukemia cell, it no longer matures the way it should. Often, it divides to make new cells faster than normal. Leukemia cells also don't die when they should. They build up in the bone marrow and crowd out normal cells. At some point, leukemia cells leave the bone marrow and spill into the bloodstream, often causing the number of white blood cells WBCs in the blood to increase.
AML and ALL are staged based on how cancer cells look under a microscope and the type of cells involved. The presence of immature white blood cells, or myeloblasts, in the blood and bone marrow is also used to stage AML and CML. A number of other tests can be used to determine the progression of the disease:. The long-term outlook for people who have leukemia depends on the type of cancer they have and their stage at diagnosis.
Some factors, like older age, past history of blood disorders, and chromosome mutations, can negatively affect the outlook. According to the NCI, the number of leukemia deaths has been falling on average 1. The 5-year survival rate or percent of people surviving at least 5 years after receiving a diagnosis was 65 percent from to Work with your medical team to treat leukemia and find out your specific outlook. Read this article in Spanish. White blood cells, or WBCs, are an important part of your immune system.
They help fight infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and germs. Here's what you need to know about the link between leukemia and anemia. Blood cell disorders impair the formation and function of red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.
Learn about the common symptoms of leukemia in children. These are the best leukemia blogs of the year. They are making a difference in spreading education and compassion. Learn more about the tests that are used to diagnose leukemia, what to expect, and the many options you have even if you do not currently have…. EBV isn't directly connected with leukemia, but it is linked to a higher risk of a few other types of cancer.
Find out more about the virus and…. A person with leukemia may experience rashes, bruising, and other skin symptoms. We explain why this happens and include pictures to help you identify…. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect.
A Guide to Leukemia. What are the symptoms of leukemia? The types of leukemia. Risk factors for leukemia.
Treating leukemia. Diagnosing leukemia. Chronic myelogenous leukemia CML mostly develops in adults. Children rarely develop this type of leukemia. Treatment options will depend on the type of leukemia a person has, their age, and their overall state of health. The primary treatment for leukemia is chemotherapy. A cancer care team will tailor this to suit the type of leukemia.
Watchful waiting: A doctor may not actively treat slower growing leukemias, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL. Chemotherapy: A doctor administers medications intravenously IV , using either a drip or a needle. These target and kill cancer cells. However, they can also damage noncancerous cells and cause severe side effects, including hair loss , weight loss, and nausea.
Chemotherapy is the primary treatment for AML. Sometimes, doctors may recommend a bone marrow transplant. Targeted therapy: This type of treatment uses tyrosine kinase inhibitors that target cancer cells without affecting other cells, reducing the risk of side effects.
Examples include imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib. Many people with CML have a gene mutation that responds to imatinib. Interferon therapy: This slows and eventually stops the development and spread of leukemia cells.
This drug acts in a similar way to substances that the immune system naturally produces. However, it can cause severe side effects. Radiation therapy: In people with certain types of leukemia, such as ALL, doctors recommend radiation therapy to destroy bone marrow tissue before a transplant. Surgery: Surgery often involves removing the spleen, but this depends on the type of leukemia a person has.
Stem cell transplantation: In this procedure, a cancer care team destroys the existing bone marrow with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both. Then, they infuse new stem cells into the bone marrow to create noncancerous blood cells. This procedure can be effective in treating CML. Younger people with leukemia are more likely to undergo a successful transplant than older adults. Poor blood clotting: This can cause a person to bruise or bleed easily and heal slowly.
They may also develop petechiae, which are small red and purple spots on the body. These indicate that blood is not clotting properly. Petechiae develop when immature white blood cells crowd out platelets, which are crucial for blood clotting.
Frequent infections: The white blood cells are crucial for countering infection. If white blood cells are not working correctly, a person may develop frequent infections. Anemia: As fewer effective red blood cells become available, a person may become anemic. This means that they do not have enough hemoglobin in their blood. Hemoglobin transports iron around the body. A shortage of iron can lead to difficult or labored breathing and pale skin. If the liver or spleen becomes swollen, a person may feel full and eat less, resulting in weight loss.
Weight loss may also occur even without an enlarged liver or spleen. A headache may indicate that cancerous cells have entered the central nervous system CNS. However, all these can all be symptoms of other illnesses. Consultation and testing are necessary to confirm a diagnosis of leukemia. A doctor will carry out a physical examination and ask about personal and family medical history.
They will check for signs of anemia and feel for an enlarged liver or spleen.
0コメント